STRUCTURAL AND FAUNISTIC ORGANIZATION OF THE UDAY RIVER'S LITTORAL ZOOPLANKTON IN THE NATIONAL NATURE PARK "PYRIATYNSKIY"

Results of the investigation of the littoral zooplankton's structural and faunistic organization of the Uday river are presented. The research was conducted in the National Nature Park "Pyriatynskiy" in summer 2015. As the result of research 58 zooplankton's species were established. Their density, biomass, ecological spectrum of the community, type and way of the feeding were analyzed.

Introduction.The influence of anthropogenic factor causes the significant changes and restructuring in the aquatic ecosystems.In turn, all these processes have a strong impact on the status of different taxonomical and ecological groups of hydrobionts.Thus these processes lead to the quantitative and qualitative changes in hydrobionts' communities and to the development of adaptive characteristics in different water organisms [1].Such transformations are intense and proceed in a short time, what may lead to the considerable restructuring of the diversity of hydrobionts [2].
The special attention is attracted to the Uday river.Its valley is located in the National Park "Pyryatynsky" created in 2009.This pond was considered as one of the cleanest rivers in Ukraine a few decades ago.However, due to the active reclamation in recent time, many floodplains of tributaries that fed Uday were drained.Also, toxic substances extremely impact the ecosystem of the river.This led to a reduction in the diversity of aquatic organisms, siltation and overgrowing of the river.Therefore there is an urgent need for continuous monitoring of the Uday river to examine the state of hydrobiocenosis, which is a necessary component of the hydroecological studies.

Material and Methods
The objects of research were representatives of the three main groups of zooplankton: rotifers (class Eurotato-ria), cladocerans (class Branchiopoda, order Cladocera), different age stages of copepods (class Copepoda).Also, ostracods (class Ostracoda) and larvae of bivalves (class Bivalvia) were investigated.Monogonont rotifers, copepods and crustaceans were identified to the species.For bdelloid rotifers (subclass Bdelloidea), ostracods and larvae of bivalves only the higher taxonomic groups were identified.

Results and discussion
In the result of research, 58 zooplankton species were registered.The representatives of the rotatoria and cladocera complex were dominated.
Littoral zooplankton was characterized by significant ecological diversity.Three environmental groups were observed in zooplankton composition: pelagic, demersal and phytophilous.
Density prevalence of copepods within the most of experimental stations of the Uday river can be explained by the massive development of the larval stages of copepods, namely nauplius and metanauplius.
4. By the type of feeding among representatives of zooplankton communities prevailed the peaceful groups -44 (75.9%) of the 58 species.
6.The parameters of density were "very low", "low" and "below average" for overgrown habitat -820-111600 ind./ м3, and for freshwater -200-109260 ind./m3.Copepods dominated by the density within all research stations, except the freshwater habitat of the Povstyn village, where cladocerans dominated.
Introduction.Plants organism are extremely sensitive to the state of the environment and actively respond to change.The influence a different anthropogenic factors are seriously damaging for all plants.Plants resistance to stressful factors are controlled by the hormonal system.In recent years attention give hormonal compounds, especially for the induction of plants resistance to different stress factors.For this compounds include salicylic acid.Salicylic acid (SA) is considered as an endogenous plant growth regulator which has been found to generate a wide range of physiological and metabolic responses in plants [10].The important role of plant protection under the action of stressors in necessary for life restored condition, belongs to the phenolic compounds.Polyphenols -secondary metabolites of the plant organism [6,12], which protect it from oxidative stress.The synthesis of polyphenols is enhanced under stressful conditions [8,13].It is known that polyphenols counteract oxidative stress: neutralize active forms of oxygen, support the internal environment of cells and have a positive effect for activity of antioxidant enzymes [13].
In the present work, we made an attempt to explore whether external treatment of salicylic acid could mitigate the adverse effect of Cd toxicity on buckwheat and wheat plants and also investigate changes in the phenol contents under these conditions.
Matherials and methods.Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv.Podolianka) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.cv.Rubra) were sterilized and divided into two groups.First group of seeds were soaked in 0.05 μM SA respectively for 5 h, another group was soaked in distilled water (control).Then both groups were allowed to germinate on moist filter paper in the dark.Two-days-old seedlings were transported in pots filled with washed and inciderated sand artificially contaminated with Cd (25 mg/kg substrate).The concentration was chosen by comparing with the literature sources [5,7].For our re-search were the plants are grown without Cd ions and SA (control), also plants, wich seed are soked SA, and plants are grown with Cd.The concentration of salicylic acid (0.05 μM) were chosen experimentally, basis of our previous studies.For investigation were used 14-days-old and 21-days-old plants.
Determination of xanthons was based on the determination the main and most common glucoside -mangiferin.For investigation were used spectrofotometric assays.The results of mangiferin was expressed in % of dry weight (DW) [2,3].
Determination of lignin in stem was based on color reaction with floroglucine [4].For investigation were used optical microscope and program Image Tool.The size was obtained using the formula А=Р/0,8, де А-size of aperture (miсrometers), Р-size of aperture (pixels), 0,8 -the conversion factor.The conversion factor was determined by photographing a ruler and then determined the number of pixels in 1 micrometers.
Results and discussion.Plants are frequently exposed to stress factors, that greatly influence growth, development, survival, crop productivity, and species distribution.Many plants can acquire tolerance in response to this factors.In this article all attention is for secondary metabolites of the plant organism -phenolic compounds, exactly xanthones.Many plants for stressful reaction including changes in physiological and biochemical processes [3].Information about the change of xanthones contents under influence of heavy metals doesn't find.Known that xanthones as a phenolic compounds and secondary metabolites of plant organism has a protective role under stressful condition and oxidative stress, and their synthesis increase under this conditions [8,12,13].The most common C-glucoside -mangiferin.Mangiferin was isolated from mango (Mangifera indica L.), but known that it is common